使用 crash 实用工具调试 - Qualcomm Dragonwing Documentation

crash 实用工具是一个开源工具，可通过基于 gdb 的命令行界面在 RAM 转储上调试内核。

前提条件

kaslr_offset 和 kimage_voffset 值默认情况下，Qualcomm Linux 构建启用了内核地址空间布局随机化（KASLR）功能。要使 crash 实用工具在启用 KASLR 的内核上工作，您需要 kaslr_offset 和 kimage_voffset 参数的值，可以从 dmesg_TZ.txt RAMparser 输出文件中提取这些值。以下是示例 RAMparser 输出文件 dmesg_TZ.txt 的摘录，提供了 kaslr_offset 和 kimage_voffset 值。 The kaslr_offset extracted is: 0x340c3d320000 … The kimage_voffset extracted is: ffffb40bbf600000
内核二进制文件（DDRCS*.BIN）的基地址当您使用 PCAT 捕获 RAM 转储时，它还会捕获 dump_info.txt 和 load.cmm 文件。这些文件包含内核二进制文件（DDRCS*.BIN）的基地址。

在 Linux 主机上下载并构建 crash 实用工具

要下载并构建 crash 实用工具，请运行以下命令：

git  clone https://github.com/crash-utility/crash

make target=ARM64

make extensions=ARM64

有关更多信息，请参阅 crash/README at master · crash-utility/crash· GitHub。

运行 crash 实用工具

以下是在 Ubuntu 主机上运行 crash 实用工具的示例命令：

./crash <PATH>/vmlinux <PATH>/DDRCS0_0.BIN@0x80000000,<PATH>/DDRCS1_0.BIN@0x100000000,<PATH>/DDRCS1_1.BIN@0x180000000 -m vabits_actual=48 -m max_physmem_bits=48 -m kimage_voffset=0xffffb40bbf600000  --kaslr=0x340c3d320000

将 <PATH> 替换为 vmlinux RAM 转储路径。
从 dmesg_TZ.txt RAMparser 输出文件中提取 kimage_voffset 和 kaslr。
从使用 PCAT 收集的 RAM 转储中的 dump_info.txt 文件中提取 DDR 偏移量，例如 0x80000000。

示例输出：

crash 8.0.4
Copyright (C) 2002-2022  Red Hat, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2006, 2010  IBM Corporation
Copyright (C) 1999-2006  Hewlett-Packard Co
Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012  Fujitsu Limited
Copyright (C) 2006, 2007  VA Linux Systems Japan K.K.
Copyright (C) 2005, 2011, 2020-2022  NEC Corporation
Copyright (C) 1999, 2002, 2007  Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Copyright (C) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002  Mission Critical Linux, Inc.
Copyright (C) 2015, 2021  VMware, Inc.
This program is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License,
and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under
certain conditions.  Enter "help copying" to see the conditions.
This program has absolutely no warranty.  Enter "help warranty" for details.

NOTE: setting vabits_actual to: 48

NOTE: setting max_physmem_bits to: 48
GNU gdb (GDB) 10.2
Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Type "show copying" and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "--host=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-elf-linux".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
   <http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...

WARNING: cpu 0: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
WARNING: cpu 1: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
WARNING: cpu 2: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
WARNING: cpu 3: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
WARNING: cpu 4: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
WARNING: cpu 5: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
WARNING: cpu 6: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
WARNING: cpu 7: cannot find NT_PRSTATUS note
      KERNEL: /test/vmlinux  [TAINTED]
   DUMPFILES: /var/tmp/ramdump_elf_PBaLfj [temporary ELF header]
            /test/DDRCS0_0.BIN
            /test/DDRCS1_0.BIN
            /test/DDRCS1_1.BIN
      CPUS: 8 [OFFLINE: 7]
      DATE: Sun Jan  6 05:30:34 +0530 1980
      UPTIME: 00:00:48
LOAD AVERAGE: 1.60, 0.51, 0.18
      TASKS: 532
   RELEASE: 6.6.17-debug
   VERSION: #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 25 04:52:52 UTC 2024
   MACHINE: aarch64  (unknown Mhz)
      MEMORY: 5.5 GB
      PANIC: "Kernel panic - not syncing: sysrq triggered crash"
         PID: 1419
   COMMAND: "sh"
      TASK: ffff1756f61ea000  [THREAD_INFO: ffff1756f61ea000]
         CPU: 0
      STATE: TASK_RUNNING (PANIC)

示例命令：

crash> man

示例输出：

*              files          mod            sbitmapq       union
alias          foreach        mount          search         vm
ascii          fuser          net            set            vtop
bpf            gdb            p              sig            waitq
bt             help           ps             struct         whatis
btop           ipcs           pte            swap           wr
dev            irq            ptob           sym            q
dis            kmem           ptov           sys
eval           list           rd             task
exit           log            repeat         timer
extend         mach           runq           tree

crash version: 8.0.4    gdb version: 10.2
For help on any command above, enter "help <command>".
For help on input options, enter "help input".
For help on output options, enter "help output".

示例命令：

crash> log

示例输出：

[    0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x412fd050]
[    0.000000] Linux version 6.6.17-debug (oe-user@oe-host) (aarch64-qcom-linux-gcc (GCC) 11.4.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.38.20220708) #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 25 04:52:52 UTC 2024
[    0.000000] KASLR enabled
[    0.000000] Machine model: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Robotics RB3gen2 addons vision mezz platform
[    0.000000] efi: EFI v2.7 by Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
[    0.000000] efi: MEMATTR=0x9ccf6018 INITRD=0x9cceaf18 RNG=0x9cce3018 MEMRESERVE=0x9ccea818
[    0.000000] random: crng init done
[    0.000000] Reserved memory: created CMA memory pool at 0x00000000fd000000, size 12 MiB
[    0.000000] OF: reserved mem: initialized node adsp-heap, compatible id shared-dma-pool

示例命令：

crash> p memdump

示例输出：

memdump = $1 = {
table_phys = 4110417920,
table = 0xffff80008087d000
}

有关 crash 实用工具的更多信息，请参阅以下内容：

​前提条件

​在 Linux 主机上下载并构建 crash 实用工具

​运行 crash 实用工具

前提条件

在 Linux 主机上下载并构建 crash 实用工具

运行 crash 实用工具